Analysis and optimization of delayed channel access for wireless cyber-physical systems

In wireless cyber-physical systems (CPS), with a growing number of sensors being deployed, more and more data will be transmitted over wireless links. This essentially requires that wireless network protocols should be further studied and amended to improve their transmission efficiency. The delayed channel access (DCA) protocol is of great practical importance in improving channel utilization. DCA is an improved version of IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF). In DCA, a node first waits for an extra delay before it enters the normal DCF procedure, so that more packets can be aggregated and transmitted upon each transmission opportunity. However, how the extra delay affects the performance of DCA has never been theoretically investigated. In this paper, we first propose a theoretical model to characterize the impact of a deterministic extra delay on collision probability, throughput, and medium access control (MAC) delay. With this model, we perform asymptotic analysis to calculate the optimal deterministic delay that can maximize the system throughput. We find that the system performance is significantly affected by the relationship between the deterministic delay and the number of nodes; and therefore, carefully choosing a suitable deterministic delay is crucial in improving channel utilization. The extensive ns2 simulations verify that our model is very accurate, and the theoretical optimal deterministic delay can make the system achieve the maximum system throughput. This study is very useful for better designing and implementing the packet aggregation technology that has been adopted by IEEE wireless networking standards including 802.11n and the latest 802.11ac.

[1]  Eldad Perahia,et al.  IEEE 802.11n Development: History, Process, and Technology , 2008, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[2]  Hai Le Vu,et al.  Access delay of the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol under saturation , 2005 .

[3]  Hai Le Vu,et al.  MAC Access Delay of IEEE 802.11 DCF , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[4]  Ruhani Ab Rahman,et al.  Scheduler Algorithm for IEEE802.11n Wireless LANs , 2014 .

[5]  Jianzhong Li,et al.  Approximate Physical World Reconstruction Algorithms in Sensor Networks , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[6]  Oran Sharon,et al.  The combination of QoS, aggregation and RTS/CTS in Very High Throughput IEEE 802.11ac networks , 2015, Phys. Commun..

[7]  Jianzhong Li,et al.  Capacity of wireless networks with multiple types of multicast sessions , 2014, MobiHoc '14.

[8]  Preben E. Mogensen,et al.  A Multi-QoS Aggregation Mechanism for Improved Fairness in WLAN , 2013, 2013 IEEE 78th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall).

[9]  Geyong Min,et al.  Adaptive Delayed Channel Access for IEEE 802.11n WLANs , 2008, 2008 4th IEEE International Conference on Circuits and Systems for Communications.

[10]  Zhi-Zhong Chen,et al.  A 3.4713-approximation algorithm for the capacitated multicast tree routing problem , 2009, Theor. Comput. Sci..

[11]  Hong-Ning Dai,et al.  Performance Evaluation of the Delayed-DCF Scheme in Wireless LANs , 2013, International Journal of Future Computer and Communication.

[12]  David Malone,et al.  Modeling the 802.11 distributed coordination function in non-saturated conditions , 2005, IEEE Communications Letters.

[13]  Guohui Lin,et al.  Improved Approximation Algorithms for the Capacitated Multicast Routing Problem , 2005, COCOON.

[14]  Edward A. Lee.  The Past, Present and Future of Cyber-Physical Systems: A Focus on Models , 2015, Sensors.

[15]  Edward A. Lee.  Cyber Physical Systems: Design Challenges , 2008, 2008 11th IEEE International Symposium on Object and Component-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC).

[16]  Qiang Ni,et al.  A Selective Delayed Channel Access (SDCA) for the High-Throughput IEEE 802.11n , 2009, 2009 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference.

[17]  Jianzhong Li,et al.  Curve Query Processing in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[18]  Changwen Liu,et al.  Delayed Channel Access for IEEE 802.11e Based WLAN , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Conference on Communications.

[19]  Sherali Zeadally,et al.  Gigabit Wireless Networking with IEEE 802.11ac: Technical Overview and Challenges , 2015, J. Networks.

[20]  J. Morris Chang,et al.  Group-Based Medium Access Control for IEEE 802.11n Wireless LANs , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[21]  A. Girotra,et al.  Performance Analysis of the IEEE 802 . 11 Distributed Coordination Function , 2005 .

[22]  D. Malone,et al.  Modeling the 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function in Nonsaturated Heterogeneous Conditions , 2007, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[23]  Randy Goebel,et al.  Size-constrained tree partitioning: Approximating the multicast k-tree routing problem , 2011, Theor. Comput. Sci..

[24]  Eitan Altman,et al.  New Insights From a Fixed-Point Analysis of Single Cell IEEE 802.11 WLANs , 2007, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[25]  Yang Xiao,et al.  IEEE 802.11n: enhancements for higher throughput in wireless LANs , 2005, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[26]  Sang Hyuk Son,et al.  RDDS: A Real-Time Data Distribution Service for Cyber-Physical Systems , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[27]  Meikang Qiu,et al.  Health-CPS: Healthcare Cyber-Physical System Assisted by Cloud and Big Data , 2017, IEEE Systems Journal.

[28]  Gaston H. Gonnet,et al.  On the LambertW function , 1996, Adv. Comput. Math..

[29]  Shiwen Mao,et al.  Advanced Wireless LAN Technologies: IEEE 802.11AC and Beyond , 2015, GETMBL.

[30]  Jianzhong Li,et al.  Drawing dominant dataset from big sensory data in wireless sensor networks , 2015, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM).