Optical Associative Memories

Development of optical computing has been particularly rapid in recent years; cf., e.g., an extensive survey in a special issue of IEEE Spectrum, August 1986 (“Optical Computing: A Field in Flux”). Of course, the optical fibers have been adopted to communication technology, and the optical archival storages are spreading to various fields, but in addition, development of new optically active materials has opened completely new possibilities for performing bulk computations in distributed media. There exist two lines of development: optical associative memories, and the highly parallel optical computers (with a two-dimensional topology of their distributed “processing elements”). As the latter fall outside the scope of this book, we may concentrate on the associative memories. Being of the distributed type, they can be divided in two categories. In the first of them, the matrix operations for associative recall are performed by multiplying light intensities using some kind of lightmodulating matrix arrays, and summing up convergent light beams by discrete photensensitive elements. The second type is based on holography.

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