相关论文

Probabilistic Logic and the Synthesis of Reliable Organisms from Unreliable Components

Abstract:The paper that follows is based on notes taken by Dr. R. S. Pierce on five lectures given by the author at the California Institute of Technology in January 1952. They have been revised by the author but they reflect, apart from minor changes, the lectures as they were delivered. The subject-matter, as the title suggests, is the role of error in logics, or in the physical implementation of logics—–in automatasynthesis. Error is viewed, therefore, not as an extraneous and misdirected or misdirecting accident, but as an essential part of the process under consideration—–its importance in the synthesis of automata being fully comparable to that of the factor which is normally considered, the intended and correct logical structure. Our present treatment of error is unsatisfactory and ad hoc. It is the author’s conviction, voiced over many years, that error should be treated by thermodynamical methods, and be the subject of a thermodynamical theory, as information has been, by the work of L. Szilard and C. E. Shannon (cf. 5.2). The present treatment falls far short of achieving this, but it assembles, it is hoped, some of the building materials, which will have to enter into the final structure. The author wants to express his thanks to K. A. Brueckner and M. Gell-Mann, then at the University of Illinois, to whose discussions in 1951 he owes some important stimuli on this subject; to Dr. R. S. Pierce at the California Institute of Technology, on whose excellent notes this exposition is based; and to the California Institute of Technology, whose invitation to deliver these lectures combined with the very warm reception by the audience, caused him to write this paper in its present form, and whose cooperation in connection with the present publication is much appreciated.

摘要:下面这篇论文是基于R.S.皮尔斯博士对作者1952年1月在加州理工学院的五次讲座所做的笔记。作者对它们进行了修改,但除了微小的变化外,它们还反映了讲课的内容。正如标题所示,主题是错误在逻辑中的作用,或在逻辑的物理实现中--在自动综合中。因此,错误不被视为无关的、误导或误导的事故,而是被考虑的过程的一个基本部分--它在自动机综合中的重要性完全可与通常被考虑的因素的重要性相媲美,即预期的和正确的逻辑结构。我们目前对错误的处理是不令人满意的,而且是临时的。作者多年来一直坚信,误差应该用热力学方法来处理,并成为热力学理论的主题,正如L.Szilard和C.E.Shannon的工作所提供的信息一样(参见5.2)。目前的处理方法远远不能实现这一点,但希望它能组装一些建筑材料,这些材料将不得不进入最终的结构。作者要感谢当时在伊利诺伊大学的K.A.Brueckner和M.Gell-Mann,他们在1951年对这个问题的讨论给了他一些重要的激励;感谢加州理工学院的R.S.皮尔斯博士,他们出色的笔记是本论述的基础;感谢加州理工学院邀请他发表这些演讲,加上听众的热烈欢迎,使他能够以目前的形式撰写本论文,并非常感谢他们与本出版物的合作。

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