Signal Processing in Cognitive Radio

Cognitive radio allows for usage of licensed frequency bands by unlicensed users. However, these unlicensed (cognitive) users need to monitor the spectrum continuously to avoid possible interference with the licensed (primary) users. Apart from this, cognitive radio is expected to learn from its surroundings and perform functions that best serve its users. Such an adaptive technology naturally presents unique signal-processing challenges. In this paper, we describe the fundamental signal-processing aspects involved in developing a fully functional cognitive radio network, including spectrum sensing and spectrum sculpting.

[1]  David G. Daut,et al.  Signature Based Spectrum Sensing Algorithms for IEEE 802.22 WRAN , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Communications.

[2]  Michael Schnell,et al.  Reduction of out-of-band radiation in OFDM systems by insertion of cancellation carriers , 2006, IEEE Communications Letters.

[3]  W. Gardner.  Exploitation of spectral redundancy in cyclostationary signals , 1991, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine.

[4]  D. Thomson,et al.  Spectrum estimation and harmonic analysis , 1982, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[5]  Friedrich K. Jondral.  Software-defined radio : Basics and evolution to cognitive radio : Reconfigurable radio for future generations wireless systems , 2005 .

[6]  Q. Zhao,et al.  Decentralized cognitive mac for dynamic spectrum access , 2005, First IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2005. DySPAN 2005..

[7]  Michael Schnell,et al.  Subcarrier weighting: a method for sidelobe suppression in OFDM systems , 2006, IEEE Communications Letters.

[8]  Joseph Lipka,et al.  A Table of Integrals , 2010 .

[9]  Michael A. Temple,et al.  Cognitive radio - an adaptive waveform with spectral sharing capability , 2005, IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2005.

[10]  Petre Stoica,et al.  On nonparametric spectral estimation , 1998, 9th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO 1998).

[11]  H. Vincent Poor,et al.  An Introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation , 1994, Springer Texts in Electrical Engineering.

[12]  Anant Sahai,et al.  Cooperative Sensing among Cognitive Radios , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Conference on Communications.

[13]  H. Vincent Poor,et al.  An introduction to signal detection and estimation (2nd ed.) , 1994 .

[14]  Pramod K. Varshney,et al.  Distributed Detection and Data Fusion , 1996 .

[15]  Gregory W. Wornell,et al.  Distributed space-time-coded protocols for exploiting cooperative diversity in wireless networks , 2003, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[16]  Geoffrey Ye Li,et al.  Soft Combination and Detection for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks , 2008, IEEE GLOBECOM 2007 - IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference.

[17]  Dave Cavalcanti,et al.  Spectrum Sensing for Dynamic Spectrum Access of TV Bands , 2007, 2007 2nd International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications.

[18]  Martin Vetterli,et al.  Discrete-time wavelet extrema representation: design and consistent reconstruction , 1995, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[19]  Anant Sahai,et al.  Some Fundamental Limits on Cognitive Radio , 2004 .

[20]  W. Wang,et al.  On the characteristics of spectrum-agile communication networks , 2005, First IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2005. DySPAN 2005..

[21]  Yonghong Zeng,et al.  Maximum-Minimum Eigenvalue Detection for Cognitive Radio , 2007, 2007 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications.

[22]  Geoffrey Ye Li,et al.  Spatiotemporal Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks , 2008, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[23]  Behrouz Farhang-Boroujeny,et al.  Multicarrier communication techniques for spectrum sensing and communication in cognitive radios , 2008, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[24]  Ying-Chang Liang,et al.  Covariance Based Signal Detections for Cognitive Radio , 2007, 2007 2nd IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks.

[25]  Georgios B. Giannakis,et al.  A Wavelet Approach to Wideband Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radios , 2006, 2006 1st International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications.

[26]  Brian Choi,et al.  Distributed Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio Systems , 2007, 2007 Information Theory and Applications Workshop.

[27]  Mohamed-Slim Alouini,et al.  On the Energy Detection of Unknown Signals Over Fading Channels , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[28]  R.W. Brodersen,et al.  Implementation issues in spectrum sensing for cognitive radios , 2004, Conference Record of the Thirty-Eighth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, 2004..

[29]  John G. Proakis,et al.  Digital Communications , 1983 .

[30]  F.K. Jondral,et al.  Mutual interference in OFDM-based spectrum pooling systems , 2004, 2004 IEEE 59th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC 2004-Spring (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37514).

[31]  J.D. Poston,et al.  Discontiguous OFDM considerations for dynamic spectrum access in idle TV channels , 2005, First IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2005. DySPAN 2005..

[32]  Amir Ghasemi,et al.  Opportunistic Spectrum Access in Fading Channels Through Collaborative Sensing , 2007, J. Commun..

[33]  Alan V. Oppenheim,et al.  Digital Signal Processing , 1978, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics.

[34]  Geoffrey Ye Li,et al.  Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio, Part I: Two User Networks , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[35]  Behrouz Farhang-Boroujeny,et al.  Filter Bank Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radios , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[36]  Geoffrey Ye Li,et al.  Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio, Part II: Multiuser Networks , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[37]  P. Welch.  The use of fast Fourier transform for the estimation of power spectra: A method based on time averaging over short, modified periodograms , 1967 .

[38]  R. Tandra,et al.  Fundamental limits on detection in low SNR under noise uncertainty , 2005, 2005 International Conference on Wireless Networks, Communications and Mobile Computing.

[39]  J.-C. Dunat,et al.  Efficient OFDMA distributed optimization algorithm exploiting multi-user diversity , 2005, First IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2005. DySPAN 2005..

[40]  N. Mandayam,et al.  Demand responsive pricing and competitive spectrum allocation via a spectrum server , 2005, First IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2005. DySPAN 2005..

[41]  Alexander M. Wyglinski,et al.  An Efficient Implementation of NC-OFDM Transceivers for Cognitive Radios , 2006, 2006 1st International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications.

[42]  Stéphane Mallat,et al.  Singularity detection and processing with wavelets , 1992, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[43]  Jun Wang,et al.  Performance of the OFDM-based Transform Domain Communication System in Cognitive Radio contexts , 2006, 2006 1st International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications.

[44]  H. Yamaguchi,et al.  Active interference cancellation technique for MB-OFDM cognitive radio , 2004, 34th European Microwave Conference, 2004..

[45]  Gregory W. Wornell,et al.  Cooperative diversity in wireless networks: Efficient protocols and outage behavior , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory.

[46]  Georgios B. Giannakis,et al.  Statistical tests for presence of cyclostationarity , 1994, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[47]  Geoffrey Ye Li,et al.  Detection Timing and Channel Selection for Periodic Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio , 2008, IEEE GLOBECOM 2008 - 2008 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference.

[48]  Simon Haykin,et al.  Cognitive radio: brain-empowered wireless communications , 2005, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[49]  Geoffrey Ye Li,et al.  A Probability-Based Spectrum Sensing Scheme for Cognitive Radio , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Conference on Communications.

[50]  Alexander M. Wyglinski,et al.  Adaptive-Mode Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction Algorithm for OFDM-Based Cognitive Radio , 2006, IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference.

[51]  Friedrich Jondral,et al.  Spectrum pooling: an innovative strategy for the enhancement of spectrum efficiency , 2004, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[52]  A. Ghasemi,et al.  Collaborative spectrum sensing for opportunistic access in fading environments , 2005, First IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2005. DySPAN 2005..

[53]  J. Mitola,et al.  Software radios: Survey, critical evaluation and future directions , 1992, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine.

[54]  Amir Ghasemi,et al.  Spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks: requirements, challenges and design trade-offs , 2008, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[55]  Steven Kay,et al.  Modern Spectral Estimation: Theory and Application , 1988 .

[56]  Yonghong Zeng,et al.  Maximum Eigenvalue Detection: Theory and Application , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Conference on Communications.

[57]  Geoffrey Ye Li,et al.  Spatial Spectrum Holes for Cognitive Radio with Directional Transmission , 2008, IEEE GLOBECOM 2008 - 2008 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference.

[58]  A. E. Lynas-Gray,et al.  A Binary Model for the UV-upturn of Elliptical Galaxies , 2006, Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union.

[59]  Jae S. Lim,et al.  Advanced topics in signal processing , 1987 .

[60]  Ye Li,et al.  ARMA system identification based on second-order cyclostationarity , 1994, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[61]  Michael A. Temple,et al.  TDCS, OFDM, and MC-CDMA: a brief tutorial , 2005, IEEE Communications Magazine.