Sensitivities of Power-to-Gas within an Optimised Energy System

Abstract The storage of fluctuating energy production is a major challenge on the pathway to a fully renewable electricity supply. This paper investigates the role of Power-to-Gas (PtG) as a key storage technology in the fulfilment of the Energiewende. This study describesthe optimal composition and application of energy supply technologies using a detailed cost optimisation model based on data from an existing system in an actual German region. The region's electricity demand can be covered with 100% renewables at a levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) of 11 ct/kWhel. We found that the PtG capital expenditures (CAPEX) do not significantly affect the optimal system in terms of the installed capacity of PtG. Due to the high storage capacity of the existing gas grid, the use of PtG results in lower LCOE than the use of batteries. Alteration of system components towards greaterfluctuating energy production increases the need forlong-term energy storage, especially PtG, and results inhigher total costs. In summary, this investigation demonstrates the significance of Power-to-Gas.

[1]  Aie,et al.  Energy Technology Perspectives 2010 , 2009 .

[2]  Haisheng Chen,et al.  Progress in electrical energy storage system: A critical review , 2009 .

[3]  H. Beyer,et al.  Mapping the performance of PV modules, effects of module type and data averaging , 2010 .

[4]  Bjarne Steffen,et al.  Prospects for Pumped‐Hydro Storage in Germany , 2012 .

[5]  Christian Breyer,et al.  Transforming the electricity generation of the Berlin–Brandenburg region, Germany , 2014 .

[6]  T. Hamacher,et al.  On the CO2 emissions of the global electricity supply sector and the influence of renewable power-modeling and optimization , 2012 .

[7]  Frank Sehnke,et al.  Parameter-exploring policy gradients , 2010, Neural Networks.

[8]  Ibrahim Dincer,et al.  Integrated hydrogen production options based on renewable and nuclear energy sources , 2012 .

[9]  Florian Steinke,et al.  Transmission grid extensions for the integration of variable renewable energies in Europe: Who benefits where? , 2012 .

[10]  Aie,et al.  Energy Technology Perspectives 2012 , 2006 .

[11]  J. Ivy,et al.  Summary of Electrolytic Hydrogen Production: Milestone Completion Report , 2004 .

[12]  Michael Sterner,et al.  Speicherung von Bioenergie und erneuerbarem Strom im Erdgasnetz , 2009 .

[13]  Anton Friedl,et al.  EVALUATION OF SUSTAINABLE HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PATHWAYS , 2009 .

[14]  Frank Sehnke,et al.  Baseline-Free Sampling in Parameter Exploring Policy Gradients: Super Symmetric PGPE , 2015 .

[15]  Janine Schmidt,et al.  Erneuerbare Energien 2020 , 2010 .