Independent Components of Magnetoencephalography: Single-Trial Response Onset Times

Werecently demonstrated that second-order blind identification (SOBI), an independent component analysis (ICA) method, can separate the mixture of neuronal and noise signals in magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data into neuroanatomically and neurophysiologically meaningful components. When the neuronal signals had relatively higher trial-to-trial variability, SOBI offered a particular advantage in identifying and localizing neuronal source activations with increased source detectability (A. C. Tang et al., 2002, Neural Comput. 14, 1827-1858). Here, we explore the utility of SOBI in the analysis of temporal aspects of neuromagnetic signals from MEG data. From SOBI components, we were able to measure single-trial response onset times of neuronal populations in visual, auditory, and somatosensory modalities during cognitive and sensory activation tasks, with a detection rate as high as 96% under optimal conditions. Comparing the SOBI-aided detection results with those obtained directly from the sensors, we found that with SOBI preprocessing, we were able to measure, among a greater proportion of trials, single-trial response onset times that are above background neuronal activity. We suggest that SOBI ICA can improve our current capability in measuring single-trial responses from human subjects using the noninvasive brain imaging method MEG.