Sequential Dependencies in Driving

The effect of recent experience on current behavior has been studied extensively in simple laboratory tasks. We explore the nature of sequential effects in the more naturalistic setting of automobile driving. Driving is a safety-critical task in which delayed response times may have severe consequences. Using a realistic driving simulator, we find significant sequential effects in pedal-press response times that depend on the history of recent stimuli and responses. Response times are slowed up to 100 ms in particular cases, a delay that has dangerous practical consequences. Further, we observe a significant number of history-related pedal misapplications, which have recently been noted as a cause for concern in the automotive safety community. By anticipating these consequences of sequential context, driver assistance systems could mitigate the effects of performance degradations and thus critically improve driver safety.

[1]  Christos Dimitrakakis,et al.  TORCS, The Open Racing Car Simulator , 2005 .

[2]  J. Deese.  The psychology of learning , 1952 .

[3]  O. Bagasra,et al.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 1914, Science.

[4]  D. M. Green,et al.  Sequential effects in judgments of loudness. , 1977, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[5]  Michael I. Jordan,et al.  Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30 , 1995 .

[6]  Drew H. Abney,et al.  Journal of Experimental Psychology : Human Perception and Performance Influence of Musical Groove on Postural Sway , 2015 .

[7]  AÂ rni KristjaÂnsson.  Rapid learning in attention shifts : A review , 2005 .

[8]  R. Remington.  Analysis of sequential effects in choice reaction times. , 1969, Journal of experimental psychology.

[9]  N. Anderson.  Effect of first-order conditional probability in two-choice learning situation. , 1960, Journal of experimental psychology.

[10]  Frank E. Ritter,et al.  The Rise of Cognitive Architectures , 2007, Integrated Models of Cognitive Systems.

[11]  Peter Dixon,et al.  Action and Memory , 2004 .

[12]  G. Miller,et al.  Cognitive science. , 1981, Science.

[13]  Michael C. Mozer,et al.  Sequential Dependencies in Human Behavior Offer Insights Into Cognitive Control , 2007, Integrated Models of Cognitive Systems.

[14]  Winston R. Sieck,et al.  Learning myopia: an adaptive recency effect in category learning. , 2003, Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition.

[15]  Wayne D. Gray.  Integrated Models of Cognitive Systems , 2007, Oxford series on cognitive models and architectures.

[16]  TrivediMohan Manubhai,et al.  Looking-In and Looking-Out of a Vehicle , 2007 .

[17]  W. Estes.  Toward a Statistical Theory of Learning. , 1994 .

[18]  Matt Jones,et al.  Sequential Effects Reflect Parallel Learning of Multiple Environmental Regularities , 2022 .

[19]  Man Ieee Systems,et al.  IEEE transactions on systems, man and cybernetics. Part B, Cybernetics , 1996 .

[20]  Cynthia S. Sahm,et al.  Past trials influence perception of ambiguous motion quartets through pattern completion. , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[21]  P. Cavanagh.  Visual cognition , 2011, Vision Research.

[22]  I. Jentzsch,et al.  Functional localization and mechanisms of sequential effects in serial reaction time tasks , 2002, Perception & psychophysics.

[23]  Mohan M. Trivedi,et al.  A Novel Active Heads-Up Display for Driver Assistance , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics).

[24]  Cheryl J. Wakslak,et al.  Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 2013 .

[25]  Jonathan D. Cohen,et al.  Mechanisms underlying dependencies of performance on stimulus history in a two-alternative forced-choice task , 2002, Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience.

[26]  Zenzi M. Griffin,et al.  The persistence of structural priming: transient activation or implicit learning? , 2000, Journal of experimental psychology. General.

[27]  Bart De Schutter,et al.  IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS Editor-In-Chief , 2005 .

[28]  Leonard Evans,et al.  Traffic Safety and the Driver , 1991 .

[29]  S. Grossberg,et al.  Psychological Review , 2003 .

[30]  Jonathan D. Cohen,et al.  Sequential effects: Superstition or rational behavior? , 2008, NIPS.

[31]  Peter Dixon,et al.  Perseveration and contrast effects in grasping , 2009, Neuropsychologia.

[32]  Tarak Gandhi,et al.  Looking-In and Looking-Out of a Vehicle: Computer-Vision-Based Enhanced Vehicle Safety , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.