Robust genetic algorithms for high quality map labeling

The problem of placing labels on maps has been around for about twenty years and has proven to be a diAEcult one. A variety of methods has been proposed to generate good labelings, with a wide range of results. This paper will propose a stochastic approach using Genetic Algorithms to solve the problem of placing labels for point features. This method generates high quality labelings and is robust in the sense that it is built to be extendible to other problem instances (involving point features) without dramatic changes of the algorithm or much loss of quality. Department of Computer Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80089, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands. Email: fsteven, dirk, markdbg@cs.uu.nl

[1]  Pinhas Yoeli,et al.  The Logic of Automated Map Lettering , 1972 .

[2]  Kenneth Alan De Jong,et al.  An analysis of the behavior of a class of genetic adaptive systems. , 1975 .

[3]  David E. Goldberg,et al.  Genetic Algorithms in Search Optimization and Machine Learning , 1988 .

[4]  Dirk Thierens,et al.  Selection Schemes, Elitist Recombination, and Selection Intensity , 1997, ICGA.

[5]  Steven Zoraster,et al.  The Solution of Large 0-1 Integer Programming Problems Encountered in Automated Cartography , 1990, Oper. Res..

[6]  Heinz Mühlenbein,et al.  On the Mean Convergence Time of Evolutionary Algorithms without Selection and Mutation , 1994, PPSN.

[7]  E. Imhof Positioning Names on Maps , 1975 .

[8]  C. D. Gelatt,et al.  Optimization by Simulated Annealing , 1983, Science.

[9]  E. Cantu-Paz,et al.  The Gambler's Ruin Problem, Genetic Algorithms, and the Sizing of Populations , 1997, Evolutionary Computation.

[10]  Stephen A. Hirsch,et al.  An Algorithm for Automatic Name Placement Around Point Data , 1982 .

[11]  Stuart M. Shieber,et al.  Placing Text Labels on Maps and Diagrams , 1994, Graphics Gems.

[12]  David E. Goldberg,et al.  Finite Markov Chain Analysis of Genetic Algorithms , 1987, ICGA.

[13]  Heinz Mühlenbein,et al.  Predictive Models for the Breeder Genetic Algorithm I. Continuous Parameter Optimization , 1993, Evolutionary Computation.

[14]  Lawrence. Davis,et al.  Handbook Of Genetic Algorithms , 1990 .

[15]  Joe Marks,et al.  The Computational Complexity of Cartographic Label Placement , 1991 .

[16]  Robert E. Smith,et al.  Adaptively Resizing Populations: An Algorithm and Analysis , 1993, ICGA.

[17]  Dirk Thierens,et al.  Elitist recombination: an integrated selection recombination GA , 1994, Proceedings of the First IEEE Conference on Evolutionary Computation. IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence.

[18]  K. Dejong,et al.  An Analysis Of The Behavior Of A Class Of Genetic Adaptive Systems , 1975 .

[19]  Joe Marks,et al.  An empirical study of algorithms for point-feature label placement , 1995, TOGS.

[20]  Steven Zoraster,et al.  INTEGER PROGRAMMING APPLIED TO THE MAP LABEL PLACEMENT PROBLEM , 1986 .