Toward Future Scenario Generation: Extracting Event Causality Exploiting Semantic Relation, Context, and Association Features

We propose a supervised method of extracting event causalities like conduct slash-and-burn agriculture! exacerbate desertification from the web using semantic relation (between nouns), context, and association features. Experiments show that our method outperforms baselines that are based on state-of-the-art methods. We also propose methods of generating future scenarios like conduct slash-and-burn agriculture! exacerbate desertification! increase Asian dust (from China)! asthma gets worse. Experiments show that we can generate 50,000 scenarios with 68% precision. We also generated a scenario deforestation continues! global warming worsens! sea temperatures rise! vibrio parahaemolyticus fouls (water), which is written in no document in our input web corpus crawled in 2007. But the vibrio risk due to global warming was observed in Baker-Austin et al. (2013). Thus, we “predicted” the future event sequence in a sense.

[1]  J. Fleiss Measuring nominal scale agreement among many raters. , 1971 .

[2]  J. R. Landis,et al.  The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. , 1977, Biometrics.

[3]  Hinrich Schütze,et al.  Book Reviews: Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing , 1999, CL.

[4]  Takashi Inui,et al.  Extracting Semantic Orientations of Words using Spin Model , 2005, ACL.

[5]  Kentaro Torisawa Acquiring Inference Rules with Temporal Constraints by Using Japanese Coordinated Sentences and Noun-Verb Co-occurrences , 2006, HLT-NAACL.

[6]  Kentaro Torisawa,et al.  Inducing Gazetteers for Named Entity Recognition by Large-Scale Clustering of Dependency Relations , 2008, ACL.

[7]  Nathanael Chambers,et al.  Unsupervised Learning of Narrative Event Chains , 2008, ACL.

[8]  Yuji Matsumoto,et al.  Two-Phased Event Relation Acquisition: Coupling the Relation-Oriented and Argument-Oriented Approaches , 2008, COLING.

[9]  Yasunori Kakizawa,et al.  Organizing the Web's Information Explosion to Discover Unknown Unknowns , 2010, New Generation Computing.

[10]  Nathanael Chambers,et al.  Unsupervised Learning of Narrative Schemas and their Participants , 2009, ACL.

[11]  Masaki Murata,et al.  Large Scale Relation Acquisition Using Class Dependent Patterns , 2009, 2009 Ninth IEEE International Conference on Data Mining.

[12]  Masaru Kitsuregawa,et al.  Polynomial to Linear: Efficient Classification with Conjunctive Features , 2009, EMNLP.

[13]  Masaki Murata,et al.  Large-Scale Verb Entailment Acquisition from the Web , 2009, EMNLP.

[14]  Kentaro Inui,et al.  Organizing information on the Web to support user judgments on information credibility , 2010, 2010 4th International Universal Communication Symposium.

[15]  Mehwish Riaz,et al.  Another Look at Causality: Discovering Scenario-Specific Contingency Relationships with No Supervision , 2010, 2010 IEEE Fourth International Conference on Semantic Computing.

[16]  Kentaro Torisawa,et al.  Extracting Paraphrases from Definition Sentences on the Web , 2011, ACL.

[17]  Hayato Ohwada,et al.  Toward Finding Semantic Relations not Written in a Single Sentence: An Inference Method using Auto-Discovered Rules , 2011, IJCNLP.

[18]  Jong-Hoon Oh,et al.  Relation Acquisition using Word Classes and Partial Patterns , 2011, EMNLP.

[19]  Dan Roth,et al.  Minimally Supervised Event Causality Identification , 2011, EMNLP.

[20]  Hwee Tou Ng,et al.  A PDTB-styled end-to-end discourse parser , 2012, Natural Language Engineering.

[21]  Naoaki Okazaki,et al.  Acquiring and Generalizing Causal Inference Rules from Deverbal Noun Constructions , 2012, COLING.

[22]  Jong-Hoon Oh,et al.  Excitatory or Inhibitory: A New Semantic Orientation Extracts Contradiction and Causality from the Web , 2012, EMNLP.

[23]  Kira Radinsky,et al.  Learning causality for news events prediction , 2012, WWW.

[24]  Jong-Hoon Oh,et al.  Why-Question Answering using Intra- and Inter-Sentential Causal Relations , 2013, ACL.

[25]  Jong-Hoon Oh,et al.  Two-Stage Method for Large-Scale Acquisition of Contradiction Pattern Pairs using Entailment , 2013, EMNLP.

[26]  Jong-Hoon Oh,et al.  Aid is Out There: Looking for Help from Tweets during a Large Scale Disaster , 2013, ACL.

[27]  Eric Horvitz,et al.  Mining the web to predict future events , 2013, WSDM.

[28]  J. Triñanes,et al.  Emerging Vibrio risk at high latitudes in response to ocean warming , 2013 .

[29]  J. Gotoh Large-scale acquisition of entailment pattern pairs クロエツェー ジュリアン , 2013 .

[30]  Kentaro Torisawa,et al.  WISDOM2013: A Large-scale Web Information Analysis System , 2013, IJCNLP.

[31]  Lena Jaeger,et al.  The Art Of The Long View , 2016 .