Multiple Classifier Combination for Character Recognition: Revisiting the Majority Voting System and Its Variations

In recent years, strategies based on combination of multiple classifiers have created great interest in the character recognition research community. A huge number of complex and sophisticated decision combination strategies have been explored by researchers. However, it has been realized recently that the comparatively simple Majority Voting System and its variations can achieve very robust and often comparable, if not better, performance than many of these complex systems. In this paper, a review of various Majority Voting Systems and their variations are discussed, and a comparative study of some of these methods is presented for a typical character recognition task.

[1]  G. Keratiotis,et al.  Optimum variable step-size sequence for LMS adaptive filters , 1999 .

[2]  I. Todhunter,et al.  A history of the mathematical theory of probability from the time of Pascal to that of Laplace / by I. Todhunter. , 1865 .

[3]  Ching Y. Suen,et al.  The Combination of Multiple Classifiers by A Neural Network Approach , 1995, Int. J. Pattern Recognit. Artif. Intell..

[4]  Yu Hen Hu,et al.  Committee pattern classifiers , 1997, 1997 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing.

[5]  Sargur N. Srihari,et al.  On multiple classifier systems for pattern recognition , 1992, Proceedings., 11th IAPR International Conference on Pattern Recognition. Vol.II. Conference B: Pattern Recognition Methodology and Systems.

[6]  Fuad Rahman,et al.  Serial Combination of Multiple Experts: A Unified Evaluation , 1999, Pattern Analysis & Applications.

[7]  Sargur N. Srihari,et al.  Regression approach to combination of decisions by multiple character recognition algorithms , 1992, Electronic Imaging.

[8]  Geok See Ng,et al.  Democracy in pattern classifications: combinations of votes from various pattern classifiers , 1998, Artif. Intell. Eng..

[9]  Yillbyung Lee,et al.  Multiple combined recognition system for automatic processing of credit card slip applications , 1993, Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR '93).

[10]  Fumitaka Kimura,et al.  Handwritten numerical recognition based on multiple algorithms , 1991, Pattern Recognit..

[11]  Fuad Rahman,et al.  An Evaluation Of Multi-Expert Configurations For The Recognition Of Handwritten Numerals , 1998, Pattern Recognit..

[12]  Slawomir Skoneczny,et al.  Mixed neural-traditional classifier for character recognition , 1997, Other Conferences.

[13]  Ahmad Fuad Rezaur Rahman,et al.  Enhancing consensus in multiple expert decision fusion , 2000 .

[14]  Ahmad Fuad Rezaur Rahman,et al.  Exploiting second order information to design a novel multiple expert decision combination platform for pattern classification , 1997 .

[15]  Vladimir D. Mazurov,et al.  Solving of optimization and identification problems by the committee methods , 1987, Pattern Recognit..

[16]  Ahmad Fuad Rezaur Rahman,et al.  Generalised approach to the recognition of structurally similar handwritten characters using multiple expert classifiers , 1997 .

[17]  Ahmad Fuad Rezaur Rahman,et al.  Enhancing multiple expert decision combination strategies through exploitation of a priori information sources , 1999 .

[18]  Q. P. Duong The combination of forecasts: a ranking and subset selection approach , 1989 .

[19]  Sargur N. Srihari,et al.  Combination of Decisions by Multiple Classifiers , 1992 .

[20]  Josef Kittler,et al.  Weighting Factors in Multiple Expert Fusion , 1997, BMVC.

[21]  Jiri Matas,et al.  On Combining Classifiers , 1998, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[22]  Tin Kam Ho,et al.  Adaptive Coordination of Multiple Classifiers , 1996, DAS.

[23]  Sargur N. Srihari,et al.  Decision Combination in Multiple Classifier Systems , 1994, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[24]  Yuichiro Anzai,et al.  A Serial-Parallel Integrated Information-Processing Model for Complex Human Problem Solving , 1987, HCI.

[25]  Fuad Rahman,et al.  Machine-printed character recognition revisited: re-application of recent advances in handwritten character recognition research , 1998, Image Vis. Comput..

[26]  Ching Y. Suen,et al.  A theoretical analysis of the application of majority voting to pattern recognition , 1994, Proceedings of the 12th IAPR International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Vol. 3 - Conference C: Signal Processing (Cat. No.94CH3440-5).

[27]  James R. Parker,et al.  Voting methods for multiple autonomous agents , 1995, Proceedings of Third Australian and New Zealand Conference on Intelligent Information Systems. ANZIIS-95.

[28]  Chuanyi Ji,et al.  Combinations of Weak Classifiers , 1996, NIPS.

[29]  Roberto Guerrieri,et al.  Adaptive Voting Rules for k-Nearest Neighbors Classifiers , 1995, Neural Computation.

[30]  Ching Y. Suen,et al.  Application of majority voting to pattern recognition: an analysis of its behavior and performance , 1997, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part A.