Pilot Design and Optimization for Transmission over Time-Varying Channels

Publisher Summary Pilot symbols are typically inserted in the information-bearing data stream to facilitate data transmission over linear time-varying (LTV) channels. These symbols are known at the receiver and are exploited for channel estimation, receiver adaptation, and optimal decoding. Such design structure, also called pilot-assisted transmission (PAT), is prevalent in modern communication systems, and a specific pilot design is included in almost any of the current standardized wireless systems, e.g., Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), Wideband Code-Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), CDMA-2000, IEEE802.11, IEEE802.16, DVB-T, and 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE). Pilot symbols carry no information about the data; the resource (time, frequency, power, and so on) used on sending pilot symbols is a resource taken away from transmitting information data. Therefore, pilot design requires optimization for the amount of pilot symbols, the locations of these symbols in the data stream, and the power allocated for them. This chapter looks at these design issues and presents a general model that captures a number of pilot design schemes at the transmitter.

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