Spatial frequency analysis in the visual system.

Within the last 15 years, a method called "spatial frequency analysis" has been applied widely to the study of receptive fields of neurons in the visual pathway. Out of this work have emerged new concepts of how the brain analyzes and recognizes visual images. The aim of this paper is to explain why "spatial frequency analysis" is useful, and to review the insights into visual function that have resulted from its application. It is important to note at the outset that while spatial frequency analysis can provide a comprehensive description of the behavior of neurons in which signals are summed linearly (see below), it has much more limited application to the behavior of neurons that combine signals nonlinearly. Because of this, the greatest insights into visual information processing have come and probably will continue to come from a combined use of space, time, spatial frequency, and temporal frequency measurements. The earliest applications of spatial frequency analysis were motivated by the idea that visual physiology and psychophysics could be more closely related by a uniform approach to the problems of spatial vision. This approach has continued to bind together the psychophysics and physiology of spatial vision, and the interested reader will find relevant psychophysical work discussed in reviews by Braddick et al (1978), De Valois & De Valois (1980), Robson (1980), Westheimer (1984), and Kelly & Burbeck (1984).

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