What Is a Learning Classifier System?

We asked "What is a Learning Classifier System" to some of the best-known researchers in the field. These are their answers.

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[22]  John H. Holland,et al.  Concerning the emergence of tag-mediated lookahead in classifier systems , 1990 .

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[31]  Stewart W. Wilson.  ZCS: A Zeroth Level Classifier System , 1994, Evolutionary Computation.

[32]  T. M. English.  Proceedings of the third annual conference on evolutionary programming: A.V. Sebald and L.J. Fogel, River Edge, NJ: World Scientific, ISBN 981-02-1810-9, 371 pages, hardbound, $78 , 1995 .

[33]  John H. Holland,et al.  Hidden Order: How Adaptation Builds Complexity , 1995 .

[34]  Stewart W. Wilson.  Classifier Fitness Based on Accuracy , 1995, Evolutionary Computation.

[35]  John R. Koza,et al.  Hidden Order: How Adaptation Builds Complexity. , 1995, Artificial Life.

[36]  M. Dorigo.  ALECSYS and the AutonoMouse: Learning to Control a Real Robot by Distributed Classifier Systems , 1995, Machine Learning.

[37]  R. Palmer,et al.  Asset Pricing Under Endogenous Expectations in an Artificial Stock Market , 1996 .

[38]  H. Hendriks-Jansen.  Catching Ourselves in the Act: Situated Activity, Interactive Emergence, Evolution, and Human Thought , 1996 .

[39]  Horst Hendriks-Jansen,et al.  Catching ourselves in the act , 1996 .

[40]  Wolfgang Stolzmann.  Learning Classifier Systems using the Cognitive Mechanism of Anticipatory Behavioral Control , 1996 .

[41]  Marco Colombetti,et al.  Robot Shaping: An Experiment in Behavior Engineering , 1997 .

[42]  Francine Federman,et al.  Information Theory and NEXTPITCH: A Learning Classifier System , 1997, ICGA.

[43]  Pier Luca Lanzi,et al.  A Study of the Generalization Capabilities of XCS , 1997, ICGA.

[44]  John H. Holmes.  Discovering Risk of Disease with a Learning Classifier System , 1997, ICGA.

[45]  Randall D. Beer,et al.  The brain has a body: adaptive behavior emerges from interactions of nervous system, body and environment , 1997, Trends in Neurosciences.

[46]  Nicolaas J. Vriend,et al.  An Illustration of the Essential Difference between Individual and Social Learning, and its Consequences for Computational Analyses , 1998 .

[47]  T. H. Westerdale.  An approach to credit assignment in classifier systems , 1998, Complex..

[48]  Pier Luca Lanzi.  Adding memory to XCS , 1998, 1998 IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation Proceedings. IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence (Cat. No.98TH8360).

[49]  Stewart W. Wilson.  Generalization in the XCS Classifier System , 1998 .

[50]  Richard S. Sutton,et al.  Introduction to Reinforcement Learning , 1998 .

[51]  Johan Bollen,et al.  The evolution of complexity , 1999 .

[52]  Alwyn Barry,et al.  Aliasing in XCS and the Consecutive State Problem: 2 - Solutions , 1999, GECCO.

[53]  Alwyn Barry,et al.  Aliasing in XCS and the Consecutive State Problem: 1 - Effects , 1999, GECCO.

[54]  Hitoshi Iba,et al.  Genetic Programming 1998: Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference , 1999, IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput..

[55]  Pier Luca Lanzi,et al.  An Analysis of Generalization in the XCS Classifier System , 1999, Evolutionary Computation.

[56]  Tim Kovacs,et al.  A Learning Classifier Systems Bibliography , 1999, Learning Classifier Systems.

[57]  Pier Luca Lanzi,et al.  A Roadmap to the Last Decade of Learning Classifier System Research , 1999, Learning Classifier Systems.

[58]  Sean Saxon,et al.  XCS and the Monk's Problems , 1999, Learning Classifier Systems.

[59]  Nicholas R. Jennings,et al.  Learning to be Competitive in the Market , 1999, AAAI 1999.

[60]  Tim Kovacs,et al.  Strength or Accuracy? Fitness Calculation in Learning Classifier Systems , 1999, Learning Classifier Systems.

[61]  Xin Yao,et al.  Evolutionary computation : theory and applications , 1999 .

[62]  Stephanie Forrest,et al.  Immunity by design: an artificial immune system , 1999 .

[63]  Stewart W. Wilson.  State of XCS Classifier System Research , 1999, Learning Classifier Systems.

[64]  Larry Bull,et al.  A Genetic Programming-based Classifier System , 1999, GECCO.

[65]  Robert E. Smith,et al.  The Fighter Aircraft LCS: A Case of Different LCS Goals and Techniques , 1999, Learning Classifier Systems.

[66]  Marco Colombetti,et al.  Evolutionary Computation in Behavior Engineering , 1999 .

[67]  Stewart W. Wilson.  Get Real! XCS with Continuous-Valued Inputs , 1999, Learning Classifier Systems.

[68]  Lashon B. Booker,et al.  Do We Really Need to Estimate Rule Utilities in Classifier Systems? , 1999, Learning Classifier Systems.

[69]  N. J. Vriend,et al.  An Illustration of the Essential Difference between Individual and Social Learning , 1999 .

[70]  R. Michod.  Darwinian Dynamics: Evolutionary Transitions in Fitness and Individuality , 1999 .

[71]  Wolfgang Stolzmann,et al.  An Introduction to Anticipatory Classifier Systems , 1999, Learning Classifier Systems.

[72]  R. Palmer,et al.  Time series properties of an artificial stock market , 1999 .

[73]  Stephanie Forrest,et al.  Architecture for an Artificial Immune System , 2000, Evolutionary Computation.

[74]  Robert E. Smith,et al.  Classifier systems in combat: two-sided learning of maneuvers for advanced fighter aircraft , 2000 .

[75]  Michael Davis,et al.  A computational model of affect theory: Simulations of reducer/augmenter and learned helplessness phenomena. , 2000 .

[76]  Stewart W. Wilson,et al.  Toward Optimal Classifier System Performance in Non-Markov Environments , 2000, Evolutionary Computation.

[77]  Zbigniew Michalewicz,et al.  Evolutionary Computation 2 , 2000 .

[78]  P. Delves,et al.  The immune system. First of two parts. , 2000, The New England journal of medicine.

[79]  Gunther J. Eble,et al.  The evolution of complexity , 2001, Complex..