: Neuroscience has long been an important driver of progress in artificial intelligence (AI). We propose that to accelerate progress in AI, we must invest in fundamental research in NeuroAI. Over the coming decades, Artificial Intelligence (AI) will transform society and the world economy in ways that are as profound as the computer revolution of the last half century, and likely at an even faster pace. This AI revolution presents tremendous opportunities to unleash human creativity in the modern economy. New developments in AI systems have the potential to enable workers to attain greater productivity and relieve them from performing the most dangerous and menial jobs. But, to reach this potential, we still require advances that will make AI more human-like in its capabilities. Historically, neuroscience has been a key driver and source of inspiration for improvements in AI, particularly those that made AI more proficient in areas that humans and other animals excel at, such as vision, reward-based learning, interacting with the physical world, and language (Hassabis et al. 2017). It can still play this role. To accelerate progress in AI and realize its vast potential, we must invest in fundamental research in “NeuroAI”. The by to brains Pitts an “artificial brain” John von upon the very limited knowledge of the brain in the other animals. Because each animal has its own unique set of abilities, each animal defines its own embodied Turing test: An artificial beaver might be tested on its ability to build a dam, and an artificial squirrel on its ability to jump through trees. Nonetheless, many core sensorimotor capabilities are shared by almost all animals, and the ability of animals to rapidly evolve the sensorimotor skills needed to adapt to new environments suggests that these core skills provide a solid foundation. Below we highlight a few of these shared characteristics.