Sélection de capteurs pour interfaces cerveau-ordinateur de type P300

Une interface cerveau-ordinateur (ICO) est un nouveau type d'interface homme-machine qui permet la communication directe entre l'utilisateur et la machine en decodant l'activite cerebrale. Les potentiels cognitifs evoques comme le P300 peuvent etre obtenus grâce au paradigme oddball - stimulus discordant - ou les cibles sont selectionnees par l'utilisateur. Une nouvelle methode pour la reduction des capteurs des signaux electroencephalographiqes (EEG) est proposee. La reduction du nombre de capteurs permet d'accroitre le confort de l'utilisateur en diminuant le temps necessaire a la pose des capteurs. Par ailleurs, une diminution du nombre de capteurs permet de reduire le cout de l'ICO et permettrait de reduire la consommation energetique d'un casque EEG sans fil. L'approche proposee est basee sur une elimination recursive des capteurs ou la fonction de cout est basee sur une evaluation du rapport signal sur signal plus bruit (RSSB), apres un filtrage spatial. Nous montrons que cette fonction de cout est plus robuste et moins couteuse en temps de calcul que d'autres fonctions basees sur l'evaluation de la detection du P300 ou des cibles, permettant ainsi d'eviter une etape de classification. L'approche proposee est testee et validee sur 20 sujets au cours de plusieurs sessions.

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