Patterns of differentiation between human local populations.

Quantitative methods for describing infraspecific differentiation are introduced and applied to three questions about the nature of human differentiation. The first question is whether or not human local populations are differentiated consistently by different attributes; the second is whether or not human local populations are differentiated into geographical races; the third is whether or not human local populations show clinal differentiation. The anthropometric data used were published by Mahalanobis, Majumdar & Rao (1949), and Hiernaux (1956).

[1]  Genetics and the Human Race: Definition of race on the basis of gene frequencies supplements definition from morphological characters. , 1963, Science.

[2]  N. W. Gillham Geographic Variation and the Subspecies Concept in Butterflies , 1956 .

[3]  J. Hiernaux Les Bushong et les Cwa du royaume Kuba (Congo-Kinshasa) : Pygmées, Pygmoïdes et pygméisation ; anthropologie, linguistique et expansion bantoue. , 1966 .

[4]  Academia Republicii Socialiste România,et al.  Mathematics in the archaeological and historical sciences : proceedings of the Anglo-Romanian Conference, Mamaia, 1970 , 1973 .

[5]  R. M. Cormack,et al.  A Review of Classification , 1971 .

[6]  E. Mayr,et al.  EVOLUTION IN THE FAMILY DICRURIDAE (BIRDS) , 1948 .

[7]  J. Kruskal Nonmetric multidimensional scaling: A numerical method , 1964 .

[8]  K. Florek,et al.  Sur la liaison et la division des points d'un ensemble fini , 1951 .

[9]  R. Mcconnell,et al.  BLOOD-GROUPS AND DISEASE , 1957 .

[10]  Ernst Mayr,et al.  GEOGRAPHICAL CHARACTER GRADIENTS AND CLIMATIC ADAPTATION , 1956 .

[11]  R. Sokal,et al.  THE COMPARISON OF DENDROGRAMS BY OBJECTIVE METHODS , 1962 .

[12]  R. L. Chaddha,et al.  An Empirical Comparison of Distance Statistics for Populations with Unequal Covariance Matrices , 1968 .

[13]  J. Vandermeer,et al.  Regional Trends in Geographic Variation , 1966 .

[14]  P. Sneath The application of computers to taxonomy. , 1957, Journal of general microbiology.

[15]  A. Mourant GENETICS AND THE RACES OF MAN , 1951 .

[16]  L. Cavalli-Sforza,et al.  PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS: MODELS AND ESTIMATION PROCEDURES , 1967, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[17]  J. Gower Some distance properties of latent root and vector methods used in multivariate analysis , 1966 .

[18]  J. Hiernaux Human Biological Diversity in Central Africa , 1966 .

[19]  R. Sokal,et al.  A New Statistical Approach to Geographic Variation Analysis , 1969 .

[20]  J. Kruskal Multidimensional scaling by optimizing goodness of fit to a nonmetric hypothesis , 1964 .

[21]  Calyampudi R. Rao,et al.  Anthropometric survey of the United Provinces, 1941: a statistical study. , 1949 .

[22]  G. N. Lance,et al.  A General Theory of Classificatory Sorting Strategies: 1. Hierarchical Systems , 1967, Comput. J..

[23]  A. Montagu,et al.  The Concept of Race , 1965 .

[24]  J. W. Gregor,et al.  ECOTYPIC DIFFERENTIATION: OBSERVATIONS AND REFLECTIONS , 1961 .

[25]  J. Gower A comparison of some methods of cluster analysis. , 1967, Biometrics.

[26]  B. Petersen Die geographische Variation einiger Fennoskandischer Lepidopteren. , 1947 .

[27]  A. J. Cole,et al.  An Improved Algorithm for the Jardine-Sibson Method of Generating Overlapping Clusters , 1970, Computer/law journal.

[28]  I. C. Lerman,et al.  Les bases de la classification automatique , 1971 .

[29]  H. N. Barber,et al.  Natural Selection in Action in Eucalyptus , 1957, Nature.