Turing's Imitation Game: Conversations with the Unknown

Can you tell the difference between talking to a human and talking to a machine? Or, is it possible to create a machine which is able to converse like a human? In fact, what is it that even makes us human? Turing's Imitation Game, commonly known as the Turing Test, is fundamental to the science of artificial intelligence. Involving an interrogator conversing with hidden identities, both human and machine, the test strikes at the heart of any questions about the capacity of machines to behave as humans. While this subject area has shifted dramatically in the last few years, this book offers an up-to-date assessment of Turing's Imitation Game, its history, context and implications, all illustrated with practical Turing tests. The contemporary relevance of this topic and the strong emphasis on example transcripts makes this book an ideal companion for undergraduate courses in artificial intelligence, engineering or computer science.

[1]  G S Brindley,et al.  Pilot experiments on the actions of drugs injected into the human corpus cavernosum penis , 1986, British journal of pharmacology.

[2]  John F. Stins,et al.  Establishing consciousness in non-communicative patients: A modern-day version of the Turing test , 2009, Consciousness and Cognition.

[3]  Leonabd Pinsky,et al.  DO MACHINES THINK ABOUT MACHINES THINKING , 1951 .

[4]  D. Hofstadter.  Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies: Computer Models of the Fundamental Mechanisms of Thought, Douglas Hofstadter. 1994. Basic Books, New York, NY. 512 pages. ISBN: 0-465-05154-5. $30.00 , 1995 .

[5]  Jasmina Arifovic,et al.  An initial implementation of the Turing tournament to learning in repeated two-person games , 2006, Games Econ. Behav..

[6]  A. Turing.  On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem. , 1937 .

[7]  James H. Moor,et al.  The Turing Test: The Elusive Standard of Artificial Intelligence , 1989, Computational Linguistics.

[8]  S. Pinker.  How the Mind Works , 1999, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[9]  Kevin Warwick,et al.  Effects of lying in practical Turing tests , 2013, AI & SOCIETY.

[10]  J. Genova.  Turing's sexual guessing game , 1994 .

[11]  T. Sacktor.  How does PKMζ maintain long-term memory? , 2011, Nature Reviews Neuroscience.

[12]  S. Harnad.  Minds, Machines and Turing: The Indistinguishability of Indistinguishables , 2000 .

[13]  Kevin Warwick,et al.  Artificial Intelligence: The Basics , 2011 .

[14]  D. Sperber,et al.  Relevance: Communication and Cognition , 1997 .

[15]  Rosemary J. Stevenson.  Language, thought, and representation , 1993 .

[16]  M. Kindt,et al.  Disrupting reconsolidation: pharmacological and behavioral manipulations. , 2011, Learning & memory.

[17]  Matteo Turilli,et al.  Turing’s Imitation Game: Still an Impossible Challenge for All Machines and Some Judges––An Evaluation of the 2008 Loebner Contest , 2008, Minds and Machines.

[18]  STUART M. SHIEBER.  The Turing Test as Interactive Proof , 2007 .

[19]  P. Husbands,et al.  The Mechanical Mind in History , 2008 .

[20]  Kevin Warwick,et al.  Passing the Turing Test Does Not Mean the End of Humanity , 2015, Cognitive Computation.

[21]  Huma Shah,et al.  Testing Turing's five minutes, parallel-paired imitation game , 2010, Kybernetes.

[22]  Joseph F. Fagan,et al.  Culture-fair prediction of academic achievement , 2009 .

[23]  Kevin Warwick,et al.  Imitating Gender as a Measure for Artificial Intelligence: - Is It Necessary? , 2016, ICAART.

[24]  Yorick Wilks.  Your Friends and Your Machines , 1974 .

[25]  Monty Newborn,et al.  Kasparov versus Deep Blue - computer chess comes of age , 1996 .

[26]  A. M. Turing,et al.  Computing Machinery and Intelligence , 1950, The Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence.

[27]  John A. Barnden,et al.  Metaphor and metonymy: Making their connections more slippery , 2010 .

[28]  Matthew H. Davis,et al.  Detecting awareness in the vegetative state. , 2006, Science.

[29]  Joseph F. Fagan,et al.  Racial equality in intelligence: Predictions from a theory of intelligence as processing , 2007 .

[30]  Norbert Wiener,et al.  Cybernetics: Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. , 1949 .

[31]  Ronald Wardhaugh.  An introduction to sociolinguistics , 1988 .

[32]  Paul Schweizer.  Causal and Communal Factors in a Comprehensive Test of Intelligence , 2010 .

[33]  J. Richie,et al.  Radical prostatectomy vs watchful waiting in early prostate cancer , 2005, BJU international.

[34]  A. Morin,et al.  Oxford Companion to Consciousness , 2009 .

[35]  Kevin Warwick,et al.  The Turing Test: A New Appraisal , 2014, Int. J. Synth. Emot..

[36]  Richard L. Purtill.  BEATING THE IMITATION GAME , 1971 .

[37]  Huma Shah.  Chatterbox Challenge 2005: Geography of the Modern Eliza , 2006, NLUCS.

[38]  Kevin Warwick,et al.  Hidden Interlocutor Misidentification in Practical Turing Tests , 2010, Minds and Machines.

[39]  N. Block.  Psychologism and Behaviorism , 1981 .

[40]  R. Penrose.  The emperor's new mind: concerning computers, minds, and the laws of physics , 1989 .

[41]  Kyle J. Susa,et al.  Can intuition improve deception detection performance , 2009 .

[42]  Susan G. Sterrett,et al.  Turing's Two Tests for Intelligence* , 2000, Minds and Machines.

[43]  W. S. Faught,et al.  Can psychiatrists distinguish a computer simulation of paranoia from the real thing? The limitations of Turing-like test as measures of the adequacy of simulations. , 1979, Journal of psychiatric research.

[44]  Jamie Cullen.  Imitation Versus Communication: Testing for Human-Like Intelligence , 2009, Minds and Machines.

[45]  Kenneth Mark Colby,et al.  Artificial Paranoia , 1975, Artif. Intell..

[46]  R. French.  Subcognition and the Limits of the TuringTest , 1990 .

[47]  Eric Berne,et al.  What do you say after you say hello , 1972 .

[48]  Stevan Harnad,et al.  The Turing Test is not a trick: Turing indistinguishability is a scientific criterion , 1992, SGAR.

[49]  Jörg Meibauer,et al.  Lying and falsely implicating , 2005 .

[50]  S. Turkle.  Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet , 1997 .

[51]  A. Turing.  Intelligent Machinery, A Heretical Theory* , 1996 .

[52]  Stephen Baker,et al.  Final Jeopardy: Man vs. Machine and the Quest to Know Everything , 2011 .

[53]  Andrew W. Appel.  Alan Turing's Systems of Logic: The Princeton Thesis , 2012 .

[54]  Christopher Ariza,et al.  The Interrogator as Critic: The Turing Test and the Evaluation of Generative Music Systems , 2009, Computer Music Journal.

[55]  Donald W. Davies.  The Bombe a Remarkable Logic Machine , 1999, Cryptologia.

[56]  Andrew Hodges,et al.  Alan Turing: The Enigma , 1983 .

[57]  Leonid Peshkin,et al.  Is the Turing Test Good Enough? The Fallacy of Resource-Unbounded Intelligence , 2007, IJCAI.

[58]  S. Shieber,et al.  Book Review: The Turing Test: Verbal Behavior as the Hallmark of Intelligence, edited by Stuart Shieber , 1986, CL.

[59]  James L McGaugh,et al.  Glucocorticoids in the prefrontal cortex enhance memory consolidation and impair working memory by a common neural mechanism , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[60]  Gary Roberts,et al.  Parsing the Turing Test: Philosophical and Methodological Issues in the Quest for the Thinking Computer , 2008 .

[61]  Kevin Warwick,et al.  Assumption of knowledge and the Chinese Room in Turing test interrogation , 2014, AI Commun..

[62]  Marc Egeth,et al.  A "Turing Test" and BCI for locked-in children and adults. , 2008, Medical hypotheses.

[63]  Guifen Chen,et al.  On initial Brain Activity Mapping of episodic and semantic memory code in the hippocampus , 2013, Neurobiology of Learning and Memory.

[64]  Kenneth M. Ford,et al.  Turing Test Considered Harmful , 1995, IJCAI.

[65]  Steven Laureys,et al.  Thought translation, tennis and Turing tests in the vegetative state , 2009 .

[66]  F. Joseph.  A THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE AS PROCESSING Implications for Society , 2000 .

[67]  Kenneth Mark Colby,et al.  Turing-like Indistinguishability Tests for the Calidation of a Computer Simulation of Paranoid Processes , 1972, Artif. Intell..

[68]  Selmer Bringsjord,et al.  Creativity, the Turing Test, and the (Better) Lovelace Test , 2001, Minds and Machines.

[69]  Peter Norvig,et al.  Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach , 1995 .

[70]  John R. Searle,et al.  Minds, brains, and programs , 1980, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[71]  Geoffrey Sampson,et al.  IN DEFENCE OF TURING , 1973 .

[72]  Stuart M. Shieber,et al.  Lessons from a restricted Turing test , 1994, CACM.

[73]  Joseph Weizenbaum,et al.  and Machine , 1977 .

[74]  J. van Leeuwen,et al.  Alan Turing : His Work and Impact , 2014 .

[75]  Kevin Warwick,et al.  Some Implications of a Sample of Practical Turing Tests , 2013, Minds and Machines.

[76]  John A. Barnden,et al.  Challenges in natural language processing: the case of metaphor (commentary) , 2008, Int. J. Speech Technol..

[77]  Stevan Harnad,et al.  First, scale up to the robotic Turing test, then worry about feeling , 2008, Artif. Intell. Medicine.

[78]  Eric B. Baum,et al.  What is thought? , 2003 .

[79]  Drew McDermott,et al.  On the Claim that a Table-Lookup Program Could Pass the Turing Test , 2014, Minds and Machines.

[80]  J. Searle.  THE MYSTERY OF CONSCIOUSNESS , 2019, Intellectual Entertainments.

[81]  Andy Clark,et al.  Machines and Thought: The Legacy of Alan Turing, Volume I , 1997 .

[82]  John A. Barnden,et al.  Analogy, metaphor, and reminding , 1994 .

[83]  Paul L. Garvin.  Report of the seventh annual round table meeting on linguistics and language study , 1957 .