MEASURES OF NOISE DAMAGE COSTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO MOTOR VEHICLE TRAVEL

One way to calculate the total cost of highway noise pollution is to determine the overall reduction in residential property values resulting from use of the highways, an approach which emphasizes people's willingness to pay to avoid high levels of noise in their living environments. This study investigates such an approach, applying a methodology and then examining its strengths, weaknesses, and feasibility. The basic model consists of the following relationship: Noise Damage Costs = Housing Units Impacted Multiplied by Noise Level at Midpoint of Distance Range Minus Threshold Noise Level (excess dBA) Multiplied by Reduction in Property Value per dBA Beyond Threshold Level. One might expect greater noise damage costs to correlate with highways of greater usage. For this reason, noise damage costs are calculated for multiple traffic volume ranges, allowing a cost breakdown. These traffic volume range damage costs can then be summed to yield a grand total cost for that highway class. This calculation is performed for ten highway classes: Urban Interstate, Urban Freeway/Expressway, Urban Arterial, Urban Collector, Urban Local, Rural Interstate, Rural Major Arterial, Rural Minor Arterial, Rural Collector and Rural Local. For illustrative purposes, the Urban Interstate category is used as the basis for descriptive calculations in the methodology section of this report. This report utilizes the basic noise model presented in NCHRP Report Number 173 (NCHRP, 1976). This model was selected for its ease of application to the data manipulation tasks of this project in which noise impacts must be predicted for a large number of highway segments in a wide range of traffic and environment conditions. (Author)